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110.1522209. Patented July a, 1894.

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Patented July 3, 1894.

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No. 522,209. Patented July s, 1894l To 'REsERvoIR To ORsAN ENE-qkm? W EEEES r s pawns areas cu., man N, DJ;

NrrEn STATES PATENT EEicE.

ROBERT HOPE-JONES, OF BIRKENHEAD, ENGLAND.

ORGAN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 522,209, dated July 3, 1894. Application led September 18,1891. Serial No. 406,071. (No model.) Patented in England September 30, 1890, No. 15,461; in

Germany August 22, 1891,

No. 68,751; in France September 14, 1891, No. 216,104; in Belgium September 14, 1891,No.

96,380, and in Austria-Hungary September l, 1392, No. 33,024 and No. 56,901.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROBERT HOPEJ ONES, electrical engineer, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, residing at Birkenhead, in the county of Ohester,in the Kingdom of England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Organs, (for which I have received Letters Patent numbered and dated as follows: in Austria-Hungary, No. 33,024 and No. 56,901, dated September 1, 1892; in Belgium, No. 96,380, dated September 14, 1891; in England, No. 15,461, dated September 30, 1890; in France, No. 216,104, dated September 14, 1891, and in Germany, No. 68,751, dated August 22, 1891,) of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to certain improvements in and appertaining to apparatus for combining,varyingandcontrolling the speech of the various pipes, reeds, bells, ttc., in organs or similar instruments, in a more effective, rapid and convenient manner than has hitherto been accomplished. Electricity and air pressure, or vacuum, are so employed as to enable a performer to admit or shut off the supply of wind to each pipe with unusual rapidity irrespective of his distance from the instrument; to couple the various departments, manuals, pedals or pipes and to operate and control the swell-shutters in a manner and with a readiness not before deemed possible; and to accomplish these ends without having to pull out orpush in the more or less clumsy rods of wood furnished with knobs which have hitherto been em ployed,or to depress keys which offer unpleasant resistance to the touch of the finger. Novel arrangements of tremulants are also provided and are adapted to be operated by electricity or otherwise.

The invention maybe understood from the following description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating in a general manner one method of arranging the electric connections between the console, organ and battery. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the console with pedalboard detached. Fig. 3 is a plan of same, the upper part of the console being cutaway and pedal board detached. Fig. 4 is a detail view of an adjusting device for the key frames. Fig. 5 is a front View (on a larger scale) of the upper part of the console. Fig. 6 is a transverse section (on a still larger scale) through the upper manual and stop key frame. Fig. 7 is a sectional plan of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a full size view of a stop key and its connections. Fig. 9 is a detail View of one of the stop key supports,san1e scale as Figs. 6 and 7. Fig. 10 is a section on line e', e', Fig. G. Fig. 11 is a section (on a larger scale) on line y y, Fig. 3. Fig. 12 is a section on line a', a: Fig. 1l. Fig. 13 is a transverse section showing a modified arrangement of the key contacts. Fig. 14 is a section on the line lw w, Fig. 13. Fig. 15 is a similar view to Fig. 13, showing another moditiedarrangementof contacts, and also a portion of a coupler device. Fig. 16 is a section on line c c, Fig. 15. Fig. 17 is a section taken transversely to the manuals showing another arrangement of stop keys and also a composition apparatus. Fig. 18 is a section on the line u u, Fig. 17. Fig. 19 is a plan of the pair of stop keys shown in Fig. 17. Fig. 2O illustrates another arrangement of stop key. Fig. 21 shows the preceding stop key in its speaking position. Fig. 22 is a side elevation of a portion of the composition roller shown in Fig. 17 and the adjustable pins carried by said roller, the adjacent stop keys being shown in section. Figs. 23 and 24 show the aforesaid pins on an enlarged scale. Fig. 25 is a modified arrangement of the aforesaid adjustable composition pin. Figs. 25a and 25b are respectively front and side elevations (with parts in section) of modified arrangement for adjusting the said pins. Fig. 26 is a side view of the composition roller shown in Fig. 20, the adjacent stop keys being shown in section.y Fig. 27 is a front view of a portion of the coupler board. Fig. 28 is a transverse section on line t t of Fig. 27. Fig. 29 is a diagram showing the electrical connections between the keys, coup ler board and organ. Figs. 30 to 34 illustrate the construction of one form of electro-pneumatic lever: Fig. 30 being a -central section; Fig. 31, a section on line S s of Fig. 30; Figs. 32 and 33, details of the electric connections; and Fig. 34, a plan of the primary valve and its guiding pins. Figs. 35 t0 38 illustrate a moditied form of the electro-pneumatic lever;

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Fig. 35 being a central section; Fig. 3G, a section on line r r, Fig'. 35; Fig. 37, a plan ofl the primary valve chamber of the electro-pneumatic lever; Fig. 33, an enlarged view of the upper portion of the apparatus shown in Fig. 35. Figs. 39 and 40 are respectively side elevation and plan of a modified arrangement of the electro-magnet shown in the preceding figures. Figs. 41 and 42 are longitudinal section and plan of an improved form of valve-seat employed in the electro-pneumatic levers. Fig. 42a is a slightly modified arrangement of the parts shown in Fig. 41. Fig. 43 is a sectional elevation showing the arrangement for cutting off the electric current at each operation of the stop sliders. Fig. 44 is a plan of the contact device shown at the left hand side of Fig. 43. Fig. 45 isa front elevation of an electrically operated tremulant. Fig. 46 is a modified form of electrically operated tremulant. Figs. 47 and 4S illustrate two different forms of mechanical tremulan ts. Fig. 49 illustrates, in a more or less diagrammatic manner, an electro-pneumatic arrangement for operating the swell shutters. Fig. 50 isa section on an enlarged scale through one end of the switch levers shown in Fig. 4S). Fig. 50 is a modified form of switch lever for the apparat-us shown in Fig. 49. Fig. 51 shows, partly diagrammatically, another electropneumatic arrangement for operating the swell shutters. Fig. 52 shows a modified form of the variable resistance device employed in the arrangement illustrated in Fig. 51. Fig. 53 is a sectional elevation of an electro-pneumatic brake apparatus for the swell shutters. Fig. 54 shows, on an enlarged scale, an improved form of the preceding brake apparatus. Fig. 55 is a detail of the apparatus shown in Fig. 54. Fig. 56 shows, partly in diagram,part of an apparatus wherebyasuitable bass on the pedal organ or a suitable accompaniment on one of the manual organs may be instantaneously brought into operation in connection with any manual upon which the operator may happen to be playing. Fig. 57 shows the remaining part of the preceding apparatus, the two parts being, however, operated as one apparatus. Fig. 57a is a modification of the device shown in Fig. 57. Fig. 58 is a plan of part of the mechanism shown in Fig. 56; Figs. 59 and G0,views illustrating certain matters hereinafter set forth.

Fig. 1 gives a general idea of the electric arrangements for a three manual organ, and will serve toillustrate theinvention, although it is to be understood thatsuch arrangements are susceptible of considerable variation.

A, A', A2, are three finger keys, one for each manual, and A3 is one of the pedal keys. Each key is provided with two or more electric contacts 13,13', which are closed each time the key is operated.

F is the battery or other source of electricity whence the current iiows by a wire F to a test or terminal board O of ordinary construction placed within or near the organ.

Thence the lead'F is conducted to a second test or terminal board C placed on or near the console, and from said board the branch wires F3 lead the current'to the various contacts B, B aforesaid, and other devices withinthe console. These supply wires are shown in dotted lines. b, b', b2, b3, are wires whence the current flows from the contacts B to the terminal board C. When a coupler board D, as hereinafter described, is employed, the said wires are brought past and connected to the same, as hereinafter shown and described in detail.

c, c', c2, c3, are wires connecting the wires Z7, b', b2, b3, on the terminal board C with the terminal board C. From the terminal board C', the various currents are led by wires e, e', e2, e3, to their respective electro-pneumatic levers F. constructed, by preference, in one of the ways hereinafter described. These electro-pneumatic levers operate, by means of pull-downs E or otherwise, the pallets or wind valves of their respective pipes, similar levers being also employed in connection with pedals, stop-keys, the., for operating other parts of the organ, as hereinafter described, the connecting wires for these being led to the terminal boards, as in the case of the wires from the manuals and pedal clavier. From the electro-pneu matic levers, the return wiresjfffs, are led to the battery F.

The key desk or console is preferably made portable, being conveniently mounted upon casters g as in Fig. 2, which figure (and also Figs. 3 to 6) shows the design of console that 1 employed in my original rough model. When organs are provided with movable consoles in this manner, it is sometimes advisable to mount the pedal-board G separately upon casters, as shown. The pedal-board is so arranged that, when rolled into position, the

ends of the pedal keys A3 come over or' against their respective spring contacts B (as in Figs. 1 and 1l) in such manner that the key contacts B, B are closed when the pedal keys are depressed. To guide the pedal-board into its exact position, V-shaped blocks g are provided on the console building frame G which engage corresponding recesses in blocks g2 on the pedal-board when the latter is pressed home.

F4, F', Fig. 3, is the electric cable connecting the console with4 the organ, the connections between the cable and the various devices on the console not being shown. The cable is made flexible in order to permit of it being readily paid out or coiled up when the console is moved from place to place. If the circumstances require the cable to be of considerable length, it is provided with a stout, preferably stranded, insulated lead F acting as a supply to convey the current from the battery and organ to the console, or vice versa. The lead is preferably formed of a cable of bare wire insulated on the exterior, said lead being passed through the center of the connecting cable, the remainder F4 of IOO which is formed of separate insulated wires, leading from the console to their respective devices in or near the organ, or vice versa.

A switch may be litted upon the console for cutting off the electric current when the organ is not in use. This switcl1,when desired, may be furnished with alock and key. Similar switches, placed where they may be readily actuated in either direction by the performer, are provided forinstantaneously cutting off orjoining up each department of the organ. It is generally advisable also to provide some form of switch, say, a plug switch, on to which all the main wires from the console, battery, dac., may be brought.

The console terminal board O may be conveniently placed at one side of the building frame G', as shown in Fig. 2. This terminal board and the organ terminal board C' will be found of great use if wishing to trace any particular wire. They may, however, be dispensed with, if desired.

By making the console portable, the performer is enabled to play the organ from any desired position, such as either from the choir or nave of a large cathedral. Should it be inconvenient to move the console from place to place, owing to structural hinderances, or

the like, I provide a duplicate console in a second position, each of the two consoles being, in this case, furnished with a switch, to renderit inoperative if occasion may require. It is advisable that the different key-frames G2 and other parts of the console should be hinged together, say, in such a manner as that shown at g2, Figs. 2 and 6, the joints between the frames being so arranged that each manual or other part can be turned back separately, so that access may readily be had to the upper or under side of the keys, contacts, dac., ot' each manual without disturbing the relative positions of the contacts and keys. The connecting wires in no way interfere with such movement and the various adjustments may be made to a nicety, it being possible to operate the keys and stop-keys and sound the corresponding notes and operate the stops, ttc., while the various frames are turned back and the contacts, dsc., fully exposed to view in their proper relative positions. The lowest key-frame may in a similar manner be hinged upon the console or organ building frame or upon a base piece sliding thereon. A more solid construction than this is unnecessary when electricity is made use of in the manner hereinafter described. The key-frames G2 may be made to slide as a whole upon the building frame G' of the console as seen in Fig. l, and they may be adjusted horizontally in position by means of thumb-screws g5, Figs. 2, -t and 5. Arrangements may also be provided for adjusting the Vertical height of the key-frames. These devices allow of the manuals being adjusted to suit different organists.

A, A, A, Figs. 6, 13 and 15, are the manual keys, which are usually short and may be centered in vany convenient manner at the end remote from the performer, as in Figs. 6 and 15, or at some distance in advance of said end, as in Fig. 13, or at any other suitable point. The keys are kept in their normal position by springs of any suitable form or material, such as B, Fig. 6, or a, Figs. 13 and 15. In the arrangement shown in Fig. 6, the springs B are simply round metallic wires attached at their forward ends to the pin rail g5 and projecting backward below their respective keys for some distance, say, almost to the balance rail g5. A suitable regulating device is provided between each key and its respective spring, as, for instance, a felt covered button a' which is hinged to the lower side of the key, so as to press upon the spring and has its position adjusted by a screw a2 passing through the key to its upper side where it is accessible without the necessity of moving the keys.

B', B2, B3, B4, are a series of key contacts of any required number, which are, in this case, formed of a series of metallic pins driven through or otherwise mounted upon a board Q7, cake of cement or other insulating support. They are so arranged that the free end of the spring B shall, upon the depression of its key, pass between and rub against the pins, as will be understood from Figs. 6 and 10, the pins being made sufficiently flexible and being placed at such a distance apart as to permit the spring to make a perfect rubbing contact between them, while offering a very slight resistance to the depression of the key.

a2 is a rail placed above the ends of the springs B to prevent them springing out of place when the keys are removed. The pins B', B2, B3, B4, are connected respectively to wires b, d, d', d2. The wires d, d',d2, are connected to the coupler board D hereinafter described, while the wires b from all the keys in the manual are attached to the console terminal board C and are also led on tothe counling board (when employed) as hereinafter described. F2 is a wire soldered to the row of springs B and in electric connection with a wire F5 from the battery. The pins B', B2,

dac., may be made of any metal or alloypref-V erably one that is not readily oxidized.

Instead of utilizing the key springs B as contacts, any other suitable form of contact device moving with the key may be einployed, as, for instance, that shown in Figs. 13 and 14:, which consists of a simple metallic stem B5 projecting from the rear end of the key and adapted to be brought into contact with the pin contacts B', B2, B3, B4, aforesaid, which are mounted, in this case, above it. Each stem B5 is connected byan electric conducting wire F5, passing along the under side of the key, with the supply cable F5, secured to the balance rail g5.

In Figs. 15 and 1G, the contact pins B', B', B2, B2i", B5, 525i, dac., are arranged in pairs, each pair being connected with its own circuit,

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andthe keycarries on its undersideaseries of l without lifting the hands from the keys bent wires BG-or other suitable separate insulated metallic projections (one for each pair of pins B', B', B2, B2i, B3, Bst) which are adapted to be thrust between and rub against their respective pins at each depression of the key, and thus complete the circuits, so far as concerns the key contacts.

The contacts for the pedal keys may be arranged in any of the ways above described. In Figs. 3, l1 and 12, the pedal keys are shown provided with the first named arrangement, namely, a series of contact pins B', B2, dac., engaged by the key springs B. The end of each pedal key is preferably provided with an adjustable regulating block a4 (or an adj ustable device similar to that shown for the manuals, Fig. 6) which presses upon the key spring B, as seen in Figs. Il and 12.

Inl each of the above arrangements of key contacts, the actual contact occurs at one or more small points only,being made by the surfaces of two cylinders (or bodies with similarl y curved surfaces) having their axes, more or less, at right angles to each other and rubbing one upon the other, a construction under which a clean contact surface is always insured with a minimum amount of friction. Or two or more pieces with very narrow edges may be employed in lieu of two or more cylinders. Or one or more of the pieces may be provided with a pointed projection or projections adapted to rub against the surface of the other piece or pieces, which latter in this case may be iiat, or nearly so. The contacts may be made in duplicate or triplicate. To insure a more perfect insulation of the pins than is afforded by the wooden board Q7, the pins may be cast into a cake of insulating material, and the latter attached to said board, or the pins may be set in cloth or silk lined holes in a board, moisture being excluded by a covering of wax.

For controlling the speech of the various stops or ranks of pipes,lemploy, if desirable, instead of the usual more or less clumsystop handles or knobs (or in addition to these) a simple and convenient stop governing arrangement, by means of which the ranks of pipesA individually or collectively, may be brought into, or put out of action by the slightest touch of the players tin ger, and even it may be withouthis having to lift his hand from the keys. In carrying this into effect, I provide, in place of the above knobs or handles (or in addition to them) aseries of small cams, buttons, levers, tablets or plates, called stop keys which are so mounted that they can be moved with a slight touch or push of the linger, instead of having to be grasped by the hand or pulled out like the old stephandles. These stop keys may be placed on, above, or otherwise near to, one or more of the manuals, or between any or each two of them, and preferably so that they may be accessible from one or more of the manuals thereof.

The stop keys of the entire organ may, by l means of a stop switch, hereinafter described, be connected to a battery or other source of electricity, and each such key is furnished with one, two or three contacts. .These contacts are connected bya small cable of wires to the terminal board C.

The stop keys and their connections may be arranged and constructed in a great variety of ways, three of which may be described by way of illustration only.

In. one arrangement, I arrange, in a conve'nientposition on the edge of the music desk and overhanging the upper manual, a series of short vertical levers or tumblers l-I, which form the stop keys. They may be arranged in one or more rows,but, in the drawings, one row only is shown (see Fig. 5) the stop keys in which are divided into groups corresponding with the various departments of the organ, and some of them are shown tilted backward in their speaking' position. The stop keys II are pivoted at or about their centers upon a horizontal axis or axes 7L, which,in my rough model, was, as shown, supported upon several small brackets attached to the ends of wooden bars h2 suitably secured to the console. Each stop key is provided with a light spring device, which, in this instance, consists of a flat spring h3, secured at its rear end upon a wooden strip g8 and projecting forward above the end of the stop key, and of a short pointed pin h4 inserted between the free end of the spring and the end of the stop key, the ends of the pin resting in small indentations in these two parts, as seen in Fig. S. The parts are so arranged that, in the two extreme positions of the stop key, the pin 7a4 lies on opposite sides of a line perpendicular to the spring h3, so that the action of the latter is to thrust the upper end of the stop key forward or backward and hold the stop key securely in either of its two positions, thus rendering it impossible for it to stick at any intermediate point. This spring device has also a further advantage Athat it only offers a very slight resistance to the movement of the stop key so that a light touch upon either end of the key is sufficient to change its position. Behind the ends of each stop key there are arranged respectively two contacts H', H2, in such manner that, when one end of the key is depressed on to its contact II', the other end is withdrawn from its contact H2. The stop keys may be provided with more than two contacts when desired. The contacts consist of thin insulated strips of metal bent over at their forward ends and turned outward slightly, as shown in Fig. 8, so that the bent ends, which are flexible, effect a rubbing contact upon the rear surface of the stop key, the latter being metallic and in electrical con-- nection with its axis h. The said axis is connected by a supply wire h to the battery or IOO IIO

other source of electric energy. A safety supply connection is also provided throug'h 4the wire 717, a wire 716 soldered to the springs 713, and through the springs 713 and pins 714. The wires 71S, 719, from the contacts H', H2, are carried along grooves g" in the woodwork of the console to the terminal board C. The contacts of one series, say, the upper one H', are connected through the console terminal board with their respective electro-pneumatic levers (hereinafter described) in such manner that, on the depression of the upper end of any given stop key in the series, the corresponding electropneumatic lever is energized or operated, and, in turn, operates the corresponding stop slider or vent, so as to open the stop. Each of the lower series of contacts H2 is similarly connected with an electro-pneu matic lever in such manner that, when the said lever is energized by the depression ot` the lower end of any of the stop keys in the series, its action is such as to cause the slider or vent to be operated or released in such manner as to close the corresponding stop.

Arrangements are provided, as hereinafter described,` whereby the circuit is broken as soon as the slider or vent is fully operated in either direction.

In Figs. 17, 18 and 19, another form of stop key is shown. Each stop in the organ is represented at the console by a pair of small keys or levers H2, H4, which may be placed horizontally or at an inclination, as shown. They may be placed ina row just underneath one of the manuals-thekeys of which would be made to overhang and the finger plates of the stop keys made small so as not to interfere with the ordinary use of the manual keys-or they may be placed as shown, just below the music desk G3 and above the upper manual. The finger plates 7110, 7111 of the stop keys may be somewhat similar in appearance to those of the manual keys as usually made, the white key H3 being used for bringing its stop into action and the black key H1 for silencing the same, or vice versa. By preference, the black nger plate 71,11 is made smaller than the white one 7110 and so arranged as to rise through the same at its rear end, as seen in Figs. 17 and 19, and may itself be covered on the upper surface by a thin plate of white ivory. Each pair of stop keys is so pivoted that, when the white key is depressed, the black key will be raised, and vice versa, the preferable arrangement being that, for the position of silence, the white key shall be raised and the black key depressed, so that the upper surfaces of the two come flush or almost flush, while, for the position of speech, the white key will be depressed and the black key raised. This simultaneous movement of the two stop keys may be obtained by pivoting the white key H3 at some distance from its rear end as at 7112, and the black one H1 at some point in the rear of the pivot 7112, as at 7113, and by connecting the two by an adjustable screw 7111 passed through the rear end of the black key H4 and bearing upon the upper side of the key H3 in therear of its pivot 7112. The keys are so formed or bent (as seen in Figs. 17 and 19) that the rear end of the black one lies above that of the white one, while the front ends of both lie side by side in approximately the same plane, the finger plates being, however, arranged as above described. The pivots or axes 7112, 7113 may run part of or the whole length of the row of stop keys and be supported upon brackets 711J placed at suitable distances apart. Each pair of stop keys is provided with a spring device 712, 711, as hereinbefore described, which insures it remaining either in the speaking or silent position. The rear end of the key H3 works between two spring contacts H', H2, Figs. 17 and 18, the curved rubbing parts of which are so arranged that, when the key is in its silent position, as shown, its end bears against the contact H2, while, in its speaking position, the said end is raised out of contact with the contact H2 and into contact with the contact H. 718 and 719 are the wires connecting the contacts H and H2 with their respective circuits and electro-pneumatic levers. The current supply for both circuits is made through wires 717, 715, the key spring 712, the pin 711 and the ends of the key H2. This latter form of stop key may be, with ease, incorporated in the pin rail and frame which holds the manual keys.

Another arrangement of stop key is shown in Figs. 2O and 21. The keys consist of rods H5 having their forward ends projecting through a plate just below the music desk, or through the key slip, and their rear ends supported in a suitable bar or board Q10, the keys being arranged in one or more rows, as desired. Each" key is capable of moving bodilyin the direction of its length within certain limits, and its front end is also capable of a limited vertical movement, the holes g11 through which the key passes being elongated or slightly enlarged to permit of such movement. 7116 is a spring tending always to elevate the forward end of the stop key, and 7117isasecond spring acting to thrust the stop forward bodily, the latter spring being inserted between a metallic collar 7118 on the stop key and a metallic washer 7119 fixed on the support g1. These springs may of course be arranged in a variety of ways, or one spring may be made to serve the two purposes. The rearward movement of the stop key is limited by a sleeve 7120 inserted -between the collar 7118 and the washer 7112, the sleeve, in the present case, being formed in onewith the washer. 7121 is a meA tallic collar faced with felt and limiting the forward movement of the key. 7122 is a felt buffer against which the rear end of the key may strike when the latter is pushed in. rPhe key is shown in the position of silence, being retained therein by the engagement of a notch 7122 (Fig. 2l) in the key, with the beveled edge 7121 on the upper part of the hole g11. A light downward touch on the key in the direction IOO IIO

of the arrow in Fig. 2O is all that is needed to release it and cause it to spring forward un-` der the action of the spring 7L". A backward touch in the direction of thekeyaxis replaces the key in the position of silence, as the spring 72.16 raises the notch 7t23on its forward end into engagement with the aforesaid beveled edge. The collars 7L18 and 71,21 are connected electrically by an insulated wire 71.25 let into the body ofthe stop key. In the silent position, the current passes through the supply wire 7t7, Washer 7tlg, spring 7L, collar LIS and wire 7L25, tothe collar h21 and thence bythe contact H2 to the return wire 71.2. In the position of speech, the current passes through the wire 7L7, washer hw, spring 7L17 and collar 7L18 to the` contact H and thence to the battery by wire 71.8.

It will be obvious that the preceding form of stop key could be so mounted and arranged as to be brought into the speaking position by an upward touch on its forward end. Also its spring device could be so arranged as to render the use of the notch or detent 71.23 unnecessary.

IVhere a dynamo is employed, or where, for any other reason, there is nogreat need to economize the electric current, one of the contacts (H or H2) mentioned on each of the foregoing forms of stop keys may be omitted and the remaining contact utilized to energize a single electro-pneumatic lever,which may draw the stop slide or vent on or off as the case may be, the return movement being effected by a spring.

All patterns of the stop keys may be providedl in duplicate or triplicate if desired (either connected together or independent of each other) so as to be more accessible from each of the manuals. A stop switch is also provided and placed in some convenient position, whereby, by the lightest touch, the electric power from all the stop and coupler keys of the entire organ is cutoff or put on, so that the performer is enabled to prepare beforehand, or as he has opportunity during the performance, such combinations of stops.

and couplers for the entire organ as he will subsequently require. The stop switch may, if desired, be in the form of any of the stop keys hereinbefore described. In Fig. 5, one of the last named kind, marked S, S, is shown placed among the stop keys about the middle of the row.

I-IG, Figs. 5 and 17, is a name. plate placed abovethe stop keys and bearing the full nam es of the various stops, couplers, dac., actuated thereby. Abbreviated names are also sometimes placed upon the stop keys themselves. Some of the stop keys shown in Fig. 5, as, for instance, those marked Hi, are used to actuate the couplers as hereinafter described.

It is sometimes advisable to have the stop keys of different colors, say, for example, the iiue stops white, the reeds red, and the couplers black.

Composition and combination pedals, pistons, keys or contacts may be arranged to actuate any desired number or combination of the stop keys, or the combination pedals or contacts may be arranged simply to move the sliders or stop-valves without affecting the stop keys. This latter plan, however, I do not recommend, as the performer has then only his memory to rely upon as to what stops are drawn. f

In Fig. 17, J is a composition key, conveniently arranged below thestop keys and above the upper manual in such position as not to interfere with the performers fingers. The key J is pivoted at its rear end, as at j, and is connected by a chain or cord j and chain wheelj2 with a composition roller J, Figs. 17, 19 and 22, in such a manner as to partially rotate the roller at each depression of the key, the roller being provided with a helical spring (not shown) by which it and the key are returned to their normal positions as soon as the latter has been released by the performer. The rollerJ lies transversely to the stop keys, running, if desired, across the entire row of them, and it is provided with a series of pins or projections J2, Figs. 17 and 22, arranged one above each of the lever stop keys 112,114. The pins J2 are made adjustable, so that the performer, by simply lifting off the music desk G2, may arrange his composition as required. When a pin is thrust through the roller into its lower position, its end rests upon or in proximity to the adjacent stop key H2 or H4, so that the latter, if it happen to be in its elevated position when the roller is actuated, is depressed, and the corresponding stop or coupler brought into or out of action according as the depressed key is a white one H3 or a black one Il". If a pin J2 is drawn up to its higher position, the key below it is in no way affected by the movement of the roller. This will be clearly understood by reference to Fig. 22.

A convenient method of rendering the pins readily adjustable in their two positions is shown in Figs. 23 and 21. The pins are split from their lower ends upward, as at j, and are each provided on opposite sides (or on one side only) with transverse grooves jl corresponding in their relative positions with the two positions of the pin. jf, are two pins running transversely through the rollerJ on each side of the pin J2 and intersecting to about half their diameter the holes through which the pin passes. As the pin J2 is pulled up or pushed down with some force, its twol limbs are pressed toward each other and ride over the pins 3'5 by which it was previously held, until, the next pair of groovesj4 being reached, the limbs spring apart and engage the pinsj5 with sufficient force to hold the pin J2 in position during the operation of the roller.

The pin arrangement shown in Fig. 25 is rather better than the preceding, as, by it, it is impossible for the performer, when he is setting his composition roller, to inadvertently put both pins of a pair of stop keys IIS, H4 into the operating position, and thus ren- IOO IIO

der the roller unworkable. A single pin J3 suffices for both keys of a pair, the said pin being pivoted somewhat stiffly, as atj, upon or in the roller J in such manner that it can readily be turned to either side to bring its lower end above either key ot the pair.

In Figs. and 25b an arrangement is shown whereby the composition pins maybe readily adjusted without the necessity of removing the music desk G3. H3, H4 are the stop keys, the rear portions of which are, in this oase, turned on edge. Each stop key is provided, below the roller J', with a notch jl@ of suitable depth. The end of the pin J3 rests upon or in close proximity to the bottom of the notch when the adjacent key is in its elevated position. The remote ends of the notches ju) are provided with striking pieces ju. The roller, in addition to its turning move- 2o ment, is capable of a limited longitudinal movement in eitherdirection, such movement being imparted to it by any suitable lever or operating device under the control of the performer. A spring or springs (not shown) keeps the roller normally in its central position, that is, with the pin axes ,7'3 midway between their respective keys. To arrange his composition, the performer first depresses all the keys H3, the stops or coupling movements of which he desires to speak when the roller is operated, and elevates all the rest, the keys H*1 occupying respectively the reverse positions. He now reciprocates the roller J longitudinally, the spring aforesaid return.

ing it to its normal position when released. This movementcauses the pins J3 to strike the striking pieces j of the elevated keys (H3 or H4) and be thrown over into position above the notch jo in the corresponding depressed keys (HL or H3), as will be readily un-y derstood from Fig. 25% However the position of the stop keys may be varied meanwhile, the rotating of the roller brings on the desired combination of stops and takes off the rest, as before described, the pins J3, however, striking the bottom of the notches ,730 instead of the upper edges of the keys. It desired, however, the striking piecesj11 could project above the upper edges of the levers, the notches jm being dispensed with and the pins J3 working upon the upper edges of the levers. Or the striking pieces may be fixtures, being to that end mounted on a rail in proximity to the levers.

Any number of composition rollers and keys may be provided, as, for instance, at J'*, Jii, and the internal portions of the keys H3, HA1 may be made of any desired length to accommodate them. The rollers may be turned by any known method from the movement of keys, pushes, or pedals. The pins J3 or J3 arrangement is shown. J, J, are the composition rollers, lying transversely to the stop keys, as before, and operated by any suitable device, such as that already described herein. Each stop key is provided with an equivalent number of pairs of projections J4, J5, the members of each pair being arranged one on each side ofits respective rollerJ. l7'7arestiffspring pieces which are secured upon the rollers J, and are adapted, when the rollers are turned, to come in contact with the upper ends ofthe adjacent projections J4 and press their stop keys downward to a sufficient distance to permitthem to spring into the speaking position, as hereinbefore described. j3 are pins projecting through the rollers between their respective projections J4, J3, and adapted, when the rollers are turned, to catch upon the sides of the adjacent projections J3, as seen in Fig. 2l, and to press their stop keys backward into the silent position. The pinsjS may be made adjustable as hereinbefore described with reference to Figs. 23 and 24. The spring pieces j may also be attached to pins 73, as seen in Figs. 2O and 26, and these may also be adjustable. The latter pins, however, do not project so far through the rollers as to come into contact with the projections J3 when the roller is turned. It will be understood that the performer, in any given composition roller, places the spring piecesj7 opposite those stop keys which are to be silenced and the piusjS opposite those which are to speak.

A roller J with pins J3 or J3 may also be applied to the type of stop key shown in Fig. 8, by permitting the pins to operate upon two stems, projections or other devices mounted upon the back of, or otherwise moving with, the stop key.

Figs. 27 and 2S show the construction of the coupling board D, and Fig. 29 illustrates, in a simple form, the system of electric connections suitable for a two-manual organ. The coupling board D has a number of slightly flexible metallic pins D', D3, passed through it, each of which is connected to a separate wire d3, the wires being gathered into small cables d4 at the back of the board and led oft to the proper points on the console or organ. The pins are arranged in pairs, and the pairs formed into rows as shown. In close proximity to each row of pins there is a long roller switch, formed of a roller D3 provided, on its periphery, with short insulated metallic strips d3, so arranged that, on the roller being turned a short distance about its axis, the strips cl3 are brought into or put out of contact with their respective pairs of pins, the electric connection between each pair of pins being thus made or broken. Each roller is provided with a lever arm (ZG and its movement is effected by the organist, by mechanical, pneumatic, electric, electro-pneumatic, or electromechanical means.A

Referring now to Fig. 29, the light pins D of each pair are connected to the contacts B -]3 B of-the notes to be struck by the per- IOO IIO

former. The adjacent dark pins D2 are connected to the contacts B2 B2 at'oresaid which are in circuit with the notes to which the first named notes are respectively to be coupled. To explain the diagram in detail, A, A A, A A A, are keys belonging respectively to the swell,7 great and pedal 2 claviers, B are the contacts in the circuits by which said keys play their own notes, B2 B3 are the contacts connected with the coupler circuits, and B the supply wire contacts common to all the contacts B2 B3 of their respective keys, as hereinbefore described with reference to Fig 6. The row I of pins (and its roller switch) is for coupling, to the keys of the swell organ,their super octavcs on the same manual, the row II for coupling swell to great, the row III for coupling swell 2 to pedal, andthe row IV for coupling great to pedaL There are as many light pins D in a row as there are keys in the corresponding clavier to which it is connected, and there are in most cases a corresponding number of dark pins D2. When the key A is struck, the current is led from the battery F through the wires F FS through the key contacts B B along the wire Z) tothe corresponding pins D' D D on the rows I, II and III and thence to the console test board C, through wire c and the electro-pneumatic action in the organ back to the battery. r[`hus the note ot the depressed key is sounded. It' the super octave roller switch (row I) be in its operative position, the current passes from battery F and along wires F F3 to the contacts B- B2 of the key A. Thence it passes from along wire d2 to pin D2; thence by the switch to the adjacent pin D connected to the wire b forming part of the circuit of the super ootave of the depressed key; thence by the test board C, through wire c4 and the electropneumatic action of the super octave pipe; and so on back to the battery, the super octave being thus sounded with its sub octave. In a similar manner, if a key (say C C) ou the great manual be struck, the circuit is completed through wires F F3, the contacts B B of key A A, wire b', pin D on row IV (all the pins D of which are iu circuit with the contacts B of the great manual for a purpose hereinafter seen), wire b4, test-board C, wire c', corresponding 4electro-pneumatic action and battery F, the keyls own note being thus sounded. It' the swell to great coupler switch (row II) be now brought into action, the circuit is completed through the wires F F2, the contacts B B2 of key A A, wire d'5, pins D D2, swell key wire b, testboard C, the., to the battery. The corresponding note C C on the swell organ being thus sounded. In a similar manner, when the-key A A A (note C C) on the pedal clavier is struck, its circuit is completed through the wires F F2, the contacts B B of key A A A, wire b3, test-board C, the., to battery F, and the swell note C C is coupled to the pedal note by the contact B3, wire d2, pin

D2 (row III), roller switch, adjacent pin D', dye., as will be readily understood from Fig. 29. The great is coupled to pedal in a similar manner, the pedal contact B2 being employed and connected with the great circuit wire b4 by wire d10, pin D2 (row IV), roller switch and pin D. It will be noticed that the first twelve pins D2 in row I are not required when this row is employed for coupling to the super octaves.

The coupling board and roller switches may be placed in or near the console, as in Fig. l, or it may be located in or near the organ, the rollers being operated from the console by any suitable means, preferably by a series ot' electro-pneumatic levers, connected by wires to the console, as hereinafter described. This plan would, however, render necessary agreatlyincreased number of wires in the main cable F F4.

Instead of using acoupling board and roller switches as above described, I may connect one-half B2 B3 ot the various contacts B2 B22 B2 B32, Fig. l5, directly with their respective terminals on the terminal board C. For instance, the super octave contact B2 ot' thekey C C would be connected through the wire d to that pin on the terminal board which was in the circuit of the super octave key C C. gether all the pins B2i". The contacts B6 B2 B2* of any given key on the manual would be closed at each operation of said key, but

the closing ot such contacts would not com- The wire F3 permanently connects to- IOO plete their particular circuit unless the wire F3 was also connected to the battery by means of a small switch or key operated at will by the performer. Such an arrangement is shown in Fig. l5, the key Il* and its contact Hiobeing in the form of and arranged iu a similar manner to the stop keys already described herein. The coupler keys may also be conveniently grouped with the stop keys in front ot the music desk, as seen in Fig. 15. The wire (i12 forms part of the supply wire fromthe battery. rlhe entire arrangement ofthe circuit will be understood by reference to Figs. l, l5 and 1G.

The great simplicity of the above described electrical coupling arrangements enables me to make use of couplers which, though very advantageous, have not hitherto been generally used in organs. In a large organ, every manual may couple on its own keys, or may couple every other manual on to its own keys in sub octave, quint, unison, super octave, dre., and every manual maybe coupled onto the pedals in unison, quint and super octave, and this either independently or simultaneously.

I will now proceed to describe the electropneumatic levers, reference being had to Figs. 30 to Maw-In most of my arrangements, I employ very small electro-magnets E2, preferably of a horse-shoe forni, and generally wound with a quantity of 'line insulated wire, so as to insure a high resistance. E3 is a very light piece or disk of soft iron (which may, if desired, be tinned or varnished and be coated with a thin soft material such as paper, kid, cloth, dac). This disk is so arranged that, in its normal position, it lies very close indeed to the poles of the magnet E2, the disk forming, in fact, the armature of the magnet and the primary valve of the electro-pneumatic lever. EL1 is a perforated valve seat Ahereinafter more fully described, against which the disk bears in its normal position, as shown. Two dierent forms of the electro-pneumatic action are depicted in the drawings by way of illustration, that particular form shown in Figs. 30 to 33 being a reproduction of the experimental model designed originally to actuate the pallets of a sound board constructed for ordinary mechanical action. Describing these in detailz-One, two or more long wooden boxes K, which may be placed facing each other, are provided, to contain the elec' tro-pneumatic pallets, and these boxes are supplied with wind from the organ bellows. The lower covers K of the boxes are hinged as at 7c and packed with rubber or other material as at 7c in such a manner that, although perfectly air-tight when closed, they may be opened so as to readily give free access to the electro-pneumatic pallets. The covers are held closed by hooks k2 pivoted at 7&5 on the cover and engaging staples k1 on, the top of the box. Each box is furnished on the outside with a set of pneumatic bellows K2, which form the last members of the electro-pneumatic train or lever and are so placed as to come immediately below the pull downs E of the sound board it is desired to play upon, the tails 71:5 of the bellows being, in fact, connected with the pull downs or with a rod Econnected thereto as shown. The entrance of the supply pipe K3 to each of these pneumatic bellowsis controlled by its electro-pneumatic pallet within the box K. The body E5 of the electro-pneumatic pallet is made of wood, covered on its upper face with leather e4 and hinged on to the upper board of the box by the end of the leather, secu red by a screw c5 and small strip of wood e5. The body piece may be broader and not nearly so long as the pallets usually employed in ordinary mechanical action sound boards. The body piece covers three openings E5 E7 Es in the upper part of the box, two of which, E6 and E8, communi cate with the atmosphere (the former through the valveseat E1), and the third with the pipe K5leading to the pneumatic bellows K2. The body E5 is pierced by two openings E1 and E10, Figs. 30 and 3l, which would allow the air from the box K to escape into the atmosphere if this were not prevented as hereinafter described. Upon the under side of the body and near to its center is mounted a small bellows E11, which, by means of a tail-piece c7 and light rod es, governs the position of the secondary pneumatic valve E12, which normally closes the opening E111. The top of the box is, ou its under side, recessed or otherwise provided with a chamber or chambers as at e5 @21, so as to make room for the primary and secondary valves E1 and E12 which are located respectively between the holes E9 and E1O in the body piece E5 and the aforesaid openings E6 and E8 leading to the atmosphere. Theinside of the small bellows E11 communicates by means of a hole e111 with the recess @21 in which the primary valve E1 is situated. A light spring c11 tends to keep the bellows E11 normally distended and the valve E12 closed.

The small horse-shoe electro-magnet E2 is made of soft iron wire about one-eighth of an inch in diameter, and has its poles passing through and fixed into a small plate e12 of zinc, brass or other suitable metal, the poles being,r securely soldered to the plate which is let into or placed upon the leather e1 and is fixed firmly to the body-piece E5. The surface of the plate, together with the poles of the magnet, may have one or two coats of lacquer. The plate is pierced witha hole E15 placed over the hole E9 aforesaid, the air passing between the poles. The magnet is fixed in the bodyT E5 with its poles uppermost, and in such a position that they come opposite to the hole EG in the wind box, which, as before described, opens to the atmosphere. This hole is, by preference, fitted with a piece of tube @13 of metal or other suitable material, bearing a thread on its outside. At its upper end, the tube- @15 is prepared for the reception of a screw-driver for the purpose of adjustment and the lower end of the tube is closed by the armature` valve-seat E1 which may be of metal and is, by preference, pierced by a number of line holes and embossed, if desired, as hereinafter described. The primary valve E3 is placed upon the poles of the magnet E2 and the tube E15 is screwed down so as to bring the valve seat E1within a very minute distance from the valve. Three or four guide-pins e11, Figs. 3l and 31, may, with advantage, be fixed in the under side of the top of the box to prevent the disk valve moving from its proper position. Two metallic studs or contacts @15 are placed on the under side of the body and a couple of springhooks e111, which pass through the top of the box, press upon the stu'ds 615 and keep the piece E5 in its position. rlhe hooks are capable of being turned aside to permit of the body E5 beingV thrown back about its hinge. The ends e of the wire which surrounds the magnet are soldered one on to each of the studs 615. The shanks of the hooks e111 pass through the top of the box and bear respectively against spring contacts 318 @19 (see Fig. 33). The former is connected by wire c with the organ terminal board C', and the latter is soldered to a conducting strip c20, whence a return wire f leads to the battery. If now a current of electricity be made to pass from one. hook @15 to the other through the coils of the magnet, the light iron disk E3 forming the primary valve will bev drawn on to the poles of the magnet and close IOO IIO 

